What We Keep

Reject the dogma; keep the tools. Every era left something that still works in a modern classroom.

Grammar Translation1880

Comprehension questions · synonyms & antonyms · cognates · writing compositions.

Direct Approach1910

Visual aids & realia · self-correction · information gap · learning by doing.

Reading Approach1930

Skimming & scanning · extensive reading · guided reading with scaffolds.

Audio-Lingual1940

Useful drills · minimal pairs for pronunciation · memorised dialogues · the seed of gamification.

Cognitive1960

Learner strategies · errors read as windows into the mind · pre-tasks that activate knowledge.

Affective-Humanistic1970

The affective filter · positive reinforcement · music, drama, and a fresh identity.

Comprehension1980

The silent period · comprehensible input · Total Physical Response.

Communicative1980

Authentic materials · role play · information gap · real communication over perfect grammar.

There are no dead methods. Only tools waiting for the right purpose.